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Antibiotic Resistance of “Pseudomonas aeruginosa” and the Effect of Euphorbia trigona rubra Leaves Crude Extract
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
39-43
Received:
11 May 2021
Accepted:
28 May 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem that threat the public health. New patterns of antimicrobial resistance emerge daily which get through the international boundaries and easily spread. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of Euphorbia trigona rubra leaves crude extract on this drug resistance bacteria’s. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in natural product laboratory in collaboration with Microbiology Laboratory. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of the bacteria were done by using Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method. Antibiotics which were tested in congruent with the crude extract include Augmentin (10 μg), Amoxicillin (10 μg), Ampicillin (10 μg), Cefixime (30 μg), Ticarcillin (30 μg), Ceftazidime (30 μg), Azithromycin (15 μg), Gentamycin (10 mcg), Ciprofloxacin (10 μg), Trimethoprim-Sulfamethaxazole (10 μg), Doxycycline (30 μg), Chloramphenicol (30 μg), and Rifampicin (30 μg). Results: Euphorbia trigona rubra leaves crude extract has shown a significant activity of 21.33±0.55 mm when compared to the drug (4.63±0.71 mm, 7.33±0.55 mm, 4.00±0.06 mm, 4.58±0.21 mm, 7.11±1.00 mm, 5.97±0.87 mm, 4.63±0.71 mm, 7.33±0.55 mm, 5.00±0.06 mm, 5.58±0.21 mm, 5.97±0.87 mm, 4.63±0.71 mm, and 9.13±0.55 mm) at 500 µg/mL, respectively that the bacterium was resistance to, this shows that the crude extract from the leaves of this cactus plant has an effective activity for resistance bacteria and should be considered as an agent in the pharmaceutical industries.
Abstract: Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem that threat the public health. New patterns of antimicrobial resistance emerge daily which get through the international boundaries and easily spread. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of Euphorbia trigona rubra leaves crude extract on this drug resistance bacteria’s. Materials...
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Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics of Pb (II) and Cd (II) Ions onto Carbonised Sugarcane Bagasse
Oklo Ahola David,
Enenche Elaigwu Daniel,
Adie Agorye Peter,
Enyi Ogor Simeon
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
44-49
Received:
8 May 2021
Accepted:
2 June 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: In the present study, the adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solution of lead (II) nitrate and cadmium chloride onto carbonized sugarcane bagasse was investigated. The physicochemical attributes of the adsorbent were: bulk density =0.58 g/mL, Ash content =21%, Attrition =31.33% and moisture =0.79%. The effects of adsorption dosage, effect of concentration, effect of ion concentration, effect of adsorbent contact time and effect of pH was discussed and detailed. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that the amount of ion adsorbed decreased with increase in adsorbent dosage; the effect of concentration on ion uptake increased with increase in concentration; there was a rapid increase in amount adsorbed as contact time increased with maximum adsorption reached at 80 minutes before subsequent reduction. The effect of pH showed that there was effective removal of ions at acidic pH than in alkaline pH level. The linearized form of Langmuir model revealed isotherm parameters that confirmed the sorptive capacity of the sugarcane bagasse and thus fit for heavy metal remediation from aqueous solution. Besides, the adsorption isotherm indicated that the adsorption occurred at homogeneous sites and form a monolayer. The Langmuir model was also able to explain the sorption equilibrium with maximum biosorption capacity.
Abstract: In the present study, the adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solution of lead (II) nitrate and cadmium chloride onto carbonized sugarcane bagasse was investigated. The physicochemical attributes of the adsorbent were: bulk density =0.58 g/mL, Ash content =21%, Attrition =31.33% and moisture =0.79%. The effects of adsorption dosage,...
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Nutrient Composition of Steam Cooked Pangasius Meat and Their Analysis of Proximate, Fatty Acid and Mineral Composition
S. Kothandaperumal,
S. Dhaarnishwara,
A. Revathi,
T. S. Inbavalli
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
50-55
Received:
13 June 2021
Accepted:
23 June 2021
Published:
19 August 2021
Abstract: The aim of this research has to be removal of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acid it was done by steaming method. After deafatted meat were analyse the nutritional compositions. Catfish essential fatty acid is low because of a small amount of n-3 family PUFA and high amount of MUFA and SFA. The SFA and trans C18: 1 MUFA can increase risk of chronic cardiovascular diseases that affects the heart, blood vessels, and brain. Effective processing of heat treatment method can get reduced of the fat content in Pangasius catfish fillet in this meat was contain essential proteins and provide a good protein food for consumers. The present project is therefore proposed to develop a suitable preprocessing method for removal of fat from catfish fillets. normal steam pressure cooking method as used heat treatment such as steam cooked method were used to reduce in the SFA and MUFA content of fish fillets. The present research is proposed to study the proximate composition, fatty acid composition and minerals composition of steam defatted fillets. This chemical composition such as mainly had studied about mineral such as sodium, iron, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Fatty acid composition has been studied about saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acid it is rendered to produced free fatty acid oxidized odour it can be produced off-flavour of the products it were removed by different heat treatment were conducted by microwave energy treatment and grilled and steam heat treatment it was reduced to saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid and is this was increased about poly-unsaturated fatty acid and provide to nutritional stuff for human begins.
Abstract: The aim of this research has to be removal of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acid it was done by steaming method. After deafatted meat were analyse the nutritional compositions. Catfish essential fatty acid is low because of a small amount of n-3 family PUFA and high amount of MUFA and SFA. The SFA and trans C18: 1 MUFA can increase risk of c...
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Isolation, Identification and Screening of Bacteria with Antibiotic Production Potential from Termite Mounds
Salisu Hussaini,
Muhammad Ummulkusum,
Manga Shuaibu Bala,
Maimuna Abdulrahman Ashafa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
56-59
Received:
31 March 2021
Accepted:
19 April 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: Antibiotics are of great importance in medicine, that are harmful to the growth and metabolic activities of bacteria. Ever increasing search is going on in the hope that agents’ superior to these and other antibiotics now in use might be isolated. Present study seeks to screen bacteria with antibiotic producing potentials from termite mounds. Eight (8) termite mound samples were collected from the study sites (Shamawa, Dundaye, G/Yaro and Gumburawa), processed and bacteria were isolated and identified using culturing methods, gram staining and biochemical characterization methods. The isolates were further tested for antibiotic production using crowded plate techniques on muellar-hilton agar. Morphological and cultural studies shows that twenty gram positive and six gram negative bacteria species were identified namely Bacillus spp, Citrobacter freundii, Enterococcus cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli, K-pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp, Staph aureus, Staph lentus and Staph ureae. Eleven bacteria species out of the fourteen isolates showed antibiotic production activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and 3 were not active against the test organism. These include E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. The zone of inhibition formed are Bacillus cereus 4 mm, Bacillus subtilis 5 mm, Bacillus megaterium 2 mm, Citrobacter freundii 4 mm, Enterococcus cloacae 2 mm, and Enterococcus faecalis 2 mm respectively. The result of this research indicates that termites mound may be used as a source of antibiotic producing bacteria.
Abstract: Antibiotics are of great importance in medicine, that are harmful to the growth and metabolic activities of bacteria. Ever increasing search is going on in the hope that agents’ superior to these and other antibiotics now in use might be isolated. Present study seeks to screen bacteria with antibiotic producing potentials from termite mounds. Eight...
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An Appraisal for the Need to Start Independent Research Institutes and Study Programs in Metabolic Engineering
Adhikarla Suryanarayana Rao
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
60-73
Received:
6 August 2021
Accepted:
17 August 2021
Published:
24 August 2021
Abstract: Metabolic engineering deals with manipulation of metabolic pathways for overproduction of desired metabolites & macromolecules and reduction/deletion of unwanted metabolites & macromolecules. A large number of tools, techniques strategies & methodologies are used in the metabolic engineering of microbial, plant & mammalian/animal systems. Impressive advances have taken place in overproducing different categories of products Viz; biofuels, pharmaceuticals, neutraceuticals, cosmetics and many products relevant to different industries. In view of immense potential to bring about a next industrial biotechnology revolution, the need to establish specific goal oriented international research institutes on metabolic engineering has been emphasized apart from national institutes and study programs. Effort in this direction is environment friendly as well. At the outset readers are cautioned that manuscript is not a formal review or a discussion on the subject of “Metabolic Engineering” with respect to any specific topic or a living system but the purpose is to emphasize the need as mentioned above. Contents are adequate to think of this endeavor. Manuscript is a massive exercise after extensive scanning through the issues from the Journal “Metabolic Engineering”) Elsevier, since its inception –1999 January (Volume 1) till January 2021 (Volume 63) (22 years). In all they constitute 63 volumes, 122 issues and 15,700 plus pages. Total number of articles (papers) in the above is approximately 1600. Nearly 70% of these are with respect to “Microbial Systems”. Next in importance comes the papers which have major focus on general tools, techniques, methodologies, strategies etc. Manuscript mentions and gives a glimpse of different approaches used to achieve the desired goals referring to a list of predominant host microbes, plants and mammalian/animal systems investigated. Readers are advised to initially go through the special issues of the journal.
Abstract: Metabolic engineering deals with manipulation of metabolic pathways for overproduction of desired metabolites & macromolecules and reduction/deletion of unwanted metabolites & macromolecules. A large number of tools, techniques strategies & methodologies are used in the metabolic engineering of microbial, plant & mammalian/animal systems. Impressiv...
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Effect of Blended NPS Fertilizer Rates on Dry Fruit Yield and Yield Components of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Varieties at Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia
Awoke Mensa,
Wassu Mohammed,
Kebede Woldetsadik
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
74-81
Received:
17 May 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
30 August 2021
Abstract: Hot pepper is one of the most important crops grown by smallholder farmers of Arba Minch Zuria district mainly for income generation. The dry fruit yield of the crop is very low in the district due to several production constraints of which the low accessibility of improved varieties and soil nutrient deficiency are among the major ones. Therefore, this experiment was conducted at Chano Mille Kebele, Arba Minch Zuria district of Southern Ethiopia during 2018/2019 cropping season to assess the effect of blended NPS fertilizer rates on growth, yield and yield components of hot pepper varieties and to determine optimum rate(s) of blended NPS fertilizer for hot pepper production for the study area. Six rates of blended NPS fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1) and three hot pepper varieties (Bako Local, Mareko Fana and Melka Shote) were used as experimental treatments and laid-out in 3x6 factorial arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. The results revealed that the main effect of variety and rates of blended NPS fertilizer had a significant effect (P<0.05) on growth, yield and yield components of hot pepper. The interaction effect of variety and rates of blended NPS fertilizer significantly affected the yield and yield components of hot pepper but not growth parameters. Melka Shote variety showed better vegetative growth. Melka Shote and Bako Local at the application of 200 kg ha-1 blended NPS fertilizer produced large number of fruits plant-1 and seeds fruit-1, maximum fruit weight plant-1 and dry fruit yield without significant variation among the two treatment combinations. Regression analysis revealed that as application of blended NPS fertilizer increased by one kg, the total dry fruit yield of Bako Local, Mareko Fana and Melka Shote increased by 7.3, 6.2 and 8.6 kg, respectively. Melka Shote variety had dry fruit yield advantage of 1.3 and 2.4 kg over Bako Local and Mareko Fana, respectively, as the rates of blended NPS fertilizer increased by one kg. Thus, application of 200 kg ha-1 blended NPS fertilizer for Melka Shote and Bako Local varieties could be optimum and recommended to improve hot pepper productivity for the current soil fertility status of the study area and vicinity with similar soil fertility status and agro-ecology.
Abstract: Hot pepper is one of the most important crops grown by smallholder farmers of Arba Minch Zuria district mainly for income generation. The dry fruit yield of the crop is very low in the district due to several production constraints of which the low accessibility of improved varieties and soil nutrient deficiency are among the major ones. Therefore,...
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Effect of G6PD Activity, Mediterranean Mutation and Some Biomarkers on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Abdulqader Wael Rasheid,
Firas Taher Maher,
Akeel Hussein Al-Aisse,
Adnan Fadhel Nasseef
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
82-89
Received:
19 July 2021
Accepted:
7 August 2021
Published:
31 August 2021
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease belongs to a group of disparate diseases clinically and genetically characterized by increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia) as a result of defect in insulin metabolism. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) (Oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1-49) is one of the most important enzymes of the metabolite, the main enzyme and the key to the Pentose phosphate path way. Unsuitable control of blood glucose decreases G6PD activity and increases diabetes mellitus complications. the This study evaluated effect of Mediterranean mutation which causes decrease G6PD activity on diabetes patients and evaluated the difference of G6PD activity among diabetic and non-diabetic patients, and the impact of hyperglycemia on the G6PD activity and different in G6PD activity in six and age and relation between Calcium and Magnesium with G6PD activity and Mediterranean mutation and found correlative coefficient(r) between G6PD activity in Patient and Blood sugar, Calcium, Magnesium and G6PD activity in healthy people. Asixteen diabetic and non-diabetic subjects were selected from patients 8 to 60 years old. Demographic data including gender, age, height, weight, duration of diabetes mellitus, type and duration of treatment, medical history (especially fauvism) were recorded. Blood pressure and body mass index were also measured. One blood sample was taken from each subject and 5 elements including G6PD presence and activity, fasting plasma glucose, plasma Calcium, Magnesium and DNA was extraction from whole blood and then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and later subjected to digestion by restriction enzyme MboII to create restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to enable the detection of mutation that caused G6PD deficiency namely Mediterranean (Med). G6PD activity was significantly higher in non-diabetic subjects (P<0.05). Within diabetics, G6PD mean activity was significantly higher in non-group (P<0.05) and in subjects with BMI < 25 (P<0.05). G6PD mean activity was significantly higher in non-diabetics than (P<0.01) and Ca, Mg diabetics patients (P<0.05) the Med-G6PD mutation in diabetes patient was more in non-diabetes patient, (47) diabetes patient have Med-G6PD (78.3%) and (15) non diabetes have the mutation (15%) and the G6PD activity was significantly higher with Med-G6PD mutation in in diabetes patient (P<0.05) and non-significantly higher with non-diabetes patient. The Med-G6PD mutation can be used as molecular marker to diagnosis diabetes, Diabetic hyperglycemia may lead to serious complications and decrease G6PD activity. This issue itself aggravates diabetic injury due to inappropriate anti oxidation process. Simultaneous dyslipidemia and obesity may intensify the effect of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease belongs to a group of disparate diseases clinically and genetically characterized by increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia) as a result of defect in insulin metabolism. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) (Oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1-49) is one of the most important enzymes of the metabolite, the main enz...
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